Cramps are sudden, involuntary muscle contractions that cause sharp pain and discomfort. They can occur in various parts of the body, but are most commonly felt in the legs, abdomen, or back. Cramps in the legs, often referred to as "charley horses," occur when the muscles, especially in the calf, tighten and spasm. Abdominal cramps are typically associated with menstrual cycles, digestive issues, or gastrointestinal conditions, while back cramps may occur due to muscle strain or poor posture.

The underlying causes of cramps vary. Common triggers include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (such as low potassium or magnesium), overuse of muscles, or prolonged periods of inactivity. Cramps can also result from certain medical conditions like peripheral artery disease, diabetes, or nerve issues. In women, menstrual cramps are a frequent type, caused by the uterus contracting to expel its lining, leading to pain in the lower abdomen or back.

Cramps can range from mild to severe and usually last for a few seconds to several minutes. The pain can be relieved through stretching, gentle massage, or applying heat. Staying hydrated, ensuring proper nutrition, and avoiding prolonged periods of immobility can help prevent cramps. However, persistent or frequent cramps may require medical evaluation to rule out underlying health problems.